Ilya Repin

The story goes that a Turkish sultan sent these men a demand to surrender and they wrote back something so filthy it stayed famous for centuries — nobody seems sure the letter ever really existed. Repin kept at this for something like a decade, from what I can find, using friends and neighbours as models; the one bent over the paper was apparently a historian he knew who fed him the details.

Two summers of travelling up and down the Volga went into this, from what I can find — following the hauling crews around and sketching them. When it turned up in an exhibition some critics called it a slander on the country, and a grand duke bought it anyway and hung it in his billiard room.

The tsar's government wanted this out of sight — it was apparently barred from public display for a while not long after it turned up. Part of what's said to be behind it is the political killing going on in Russia at the time, so it isn't really a history lesson so much as a picture about violence the painter was living through. It's also been attacked by visitors with a blade twice, decades apart.